India vs China - Arable Land and Irrigated Land for Agriculture

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China has 933 million hectares of total land, a little over three times of the Indian land area of 297 million ha. Yet, the Chinese are constrained by an arable land area of 124 million ha, which is three quarters of the Indian endowment of 162 million ha. Put differently, China's arable land is just about 13 per cent of its total land, in contrast to the much better 54 per cent in the case of India.

Despite this natural bounty, India is lagging behind China in two aspects. First, the extent of irrigated land (around 55 million ha) is about the same in both countries, despite the difference in the extent of arable land. As a result, the irrigated to arable land proportion is 44 per cent in China, against 34 per cent in India.

Second, Chinese farmers apply relatively higher amounts of fertiliser on their farms. According to the data available from the World Bank, for 2000/01, fertiliser use in China was an average of 279 kg per ha as against 103 kg per ha in India

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